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Commentary

Containing the non-proliferation damage from Israel’s attacks on Iran’s nuclear programme

The threat to global non-proliferation norms resulting from Israel’s attack on Iran is putting Europe’s commitment to multilateralism and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to a real test. ELN Policy & Research Director Oliver Meier writes that those countries still believing in multilateralism can bring their political, economic, and military clout to protect and strengthen the global non-proliferation regime. They must come down from the fence from which they have been observing the conflict and engage on the side of diplomacy and international law.

18 June 2025 | Oliver Meier
NPTNPT ProjectIranIsraelJCPOAMiddle EastNPTNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsELNIran
Policy brief

Technological complexity and risk reduction: Using digital twins to navigate uncertainty in nuclear weapons decision-making and EDT landscapes

This policy brief explores the integration of digital twin technologies into nuclear decision-making processes, assessing their potential to reduce risks stemming from emerging disruptive technologies (EDTs). It argues for international dialogue, transparency, and responsible innovation to prevent misuse, enhance NC3 resilience, and strengthen strategic stability through informed, scenario-based crisis simulations.

23 April 2025 | Rishi Paul, Graham Stacey, Ganna Pogrebna, Immaculate-Motsi Omoijiade, Nathan Damaj and Jake McNaughton
2NTEmerging Disruptive Technologies and Risk ReductionArms ControlCyberDefenceEmerging technologiesHybrid warfareNuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsSecurityWMDs
Policy brief

Turning down the heat: Addressing the growing salience of nuclear weapons

At the 2025 NPT Preparatory Committee in New York this month a key issue likely to spark debate is the increasing salience of nuclear weapons. All five nuclear-weapon states under the NPT are increasing the role and significance of nuclear weapons in their military and security policies, at odds with the commitments accepted under the NPT. This new policy brief from the ELN’s Protecting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty project examines this challenge and offers recommendations for states to address it within the NPT framework.

16 April 2025
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectNPTNPTProjectNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsELN
Report

Meeting report: Iran, Europe and the US – new approaches to nuclear diplomacy

In January 2025, the ELN with support from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), convened a roundtable to discuss ways forward for a resumption of Iran-US nuclear negotiations. European, American, Asian, and Middle East experts discussed the role of Gulf actors in developing a new deal, Iran’s shift in priorities under President Pezeshkian, and the implications of the changes in the regional architecture as a result of the war in Gaza.

21 March 2025 | Roxane Farmanfarmaian
IranIranMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationEuropeIranIsraelJCPOANuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsUnited StatesIranSenior Associate Fellow