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Commentary

Hans Blix: Can arms control survive this dangerous age of war and rearmament?

Veteran diplomat and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director-General Emeritus Hans Blix warns that a volatile world of renewed great-power conflict and accelerating rearmament is eroding the foundations of arms control. While nuclear deterrence still restrains escalation, diplomatic failure, proliferation risks, and waning trust in global agreements raise urgent questions about whether meaningful disarmament, and lasting peace, remain politically achievable.

10 April 2026 | Hans Blix
Multilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationArms ControlDeterrenceForeign policyInternational LawMiddle EastNuclear DisarmamentNuclear WeaponsELN
Commentary

European perspectives on the Non-Proliferation Treaty: European Union

Continuing our commentary series exploring European perspectives ahead of the 2026 NPT Review Conference, Stephan Klement sets out the European Union’s approach, reaffirming the Treaty’s central role while recognising the mounting pressures it faces. He underscores a growing emphasis on pragmatic steps alongside efforts to strengthen implementation, accountability, and bridge divides in a fractured geopolitical landscape.

30 March 2026 | Stephan Klement
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationEuropeNPTNuclear Arms ControlNuclear Disarmament
Commentary

European perspectives on the Non-Proliferation Treaty: Germany

Continuing our commentary series exploring different European perspectives ahead of the 2026 NPT Review Conference, Carmen Wunderlich writes that Germany’s current policy towards the NPT reflects not only a change in tone but also a gradual shift in priorities towards pragmatic measures such as risk reduction and confidence-building, while multilateral disarmament seems to have lost political salience.

11 March 2026 | Carmen Wunderlich
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlCTBTDefenceEuropeGermanyNuclear Arms ControlNuclear Disarmament
Commentary

European perspectives on the Non-Proliferation Treaty: Ireland

In May, States Parties to the NPT will meet for the 11th Review Conference under difficult circumstances. In the second of our commentary series exploring different European perspectives, Ciarán Doyle, a diplomat from Ireland’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, reflects on Ireland’s perspective on the Treaty and its approach to the 2026 Review Conference. He writes about the importance Ireland places on the Treaty as a small, militarily neutral country, and calls for a commitment to enhanced transparency and accountability from the nuclear-weapon states.

23 February 2026 | Ciarán Doyle
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectNPTNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear Weapons
Video

From Risk to Reduction: Practical steps for safer nuclear systems

Nuclear weapons aren’t going anywhere, and the way we manage them can and must keep evolving. Today’s security environment is more complex than during the Cold War: more nuclear-armed states, faster decision-making technologies, and fewer treaties providing guardrails. The good news? Proven tools exist to reduce risk, from fail-safe mechanisms to dialogue between adversaries, and they don’t all require perfect trust or total agreement. This animation explains both the challenges and the credible paths forward.

17 February 2026
2NTFailsafeEmerging Disruptive Technologies and Risk ReductionDeterrenceEmerging technologiesEuropeNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsELNYGLN
Commentary

How opposing views on nuclear deterrence fracture the non-proliferation regime

Competing perceptions of nuclear deterrence are no longer peripheral disagreements within the NPT and are now driving deep divisions within the regime, threatening its very stability. ELN Policy Fellow Jana Baldus urges states to bridge this divide by recognising differing security perspectives and addressing concerns on all sides. Nuclear-armed states must clarify the rationale behind deterrence and confront double standards, while non-nuclear states should engage with the wider security consequences of rejecting deterrence and consider Russia’s and China’s strategies as well as those of the West.

20 August 2025 | Jana Baldus
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlDeterrenceInternational LawNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk Reduction