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Commentary

European perspectives on the Non-Proliferation Treaty: Italy

In May, States Parties to the NPT will meet for the 11th Review Conference under difficult circumstances. While European support for and leadership in the NPT is more urgent than ever, it could be complicated by diverging priorities among European states. In the first of our commentary series exploring different European perspectives, YGLN member Federica Dall’Arche reflects on Italy’s perspective on the Treaty and its approach to the 2026 Review Conference. She writes that rather than focusing on ambitious normative breakthroughs, priority should be given to preserving the Treaty’s role as a stabilising framework.

5 February 2026 | Federica Dall’Arche
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlDefenceDiplomacyEuropeItalyNuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityRisk ReductionYGLN
Policy brief

Tried and tested: Why the CTBT must be preserved

President Trump’s recent statement about the US resumption of nuclear testing has heightened concerns over a renewed arms race and the erosion of the global norm against nuclear testing enshrined in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). This new policy brief from the ELN’s Protecting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty project argues that the CTBT reinforces the NPT by bolstering the nuclear non-proliferation norm and constraining the development of new nuclear warhead types: sustaining it is a strategic imperative. States Parties to the NPT must work together to strengthen the CTBT’s credibility and relevance to international security and prioritise collective multilateral action over short-term security gains.

4 December 2025
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectCTBTEUNATONPTNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsELN
Commentary

Stepping back from the brink: How the UK could help lead the world away from the nuclear precipice 

The world today stands closer to nuclear catastrophe than at any point since the end of the Cold War. Conflicts involving nuclear-armed states could all too easily escalate to a nuclear confrontation, as global arms control treaties collapse. Steve Barwick, Chair of the Nuclear Education Trust, calls for the UK, as the chair of the group of five ‘official’ nuclear weapon states in the run-up to the 2026 NPT Review Conference, to reject nuclear sharing and prioritise transparency, reinvigorate global nuclear diplomacy, adopt a no-first-use policy, and engage with the TPNW.

25 November 2025 | Steve Barwick
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlCTBTNATONuclear Arms ControlNuclear WeaponsUnited Kingdom
Commentary

Nuclear testing: unwise, unnecessary and unwelcome

The current debate around a possible resumption of nuclear testing introduces a new level of brinkmanship in an already fraught geopolitical climate. As the testing moratorium risks being weaponised for great-power competition, ELN Senior Policy Fellow Julia Berghofer writes that European states, including nuclear-armed ones, must speak with one voice and make clear that nuclear testing is unwise, unnecessary, and unwelcome.

20 November 2025 | Julia Berghofer
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlCTBTDeterrenceNPTNuclear Arms ControlNuclear WeaponsRisk ReductionUnited States
Commentary

Europe and the end of New START

In light of Putin’s recent offer of a voluntary, time-limited extension of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) obligations to the US, ELN Policy and Research Director Oliver Meier writes that US allies in Europe should seize this opportunity to help shape the outcome of deliberations about how to respond to Putin’s initiative.

8 October 2025 | Oliver Meier
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlEuropeNuclear Arms ControlRisk ReductionRussia-West RelationsUnited States
Commentary

How opposing views on nuclear deterrence fracture the non-proliferation regime

Competing perceptions of nuclear deterrence are no longer peripheral disagreements within the NPT and are now driving deep divisions within the regime, threatening its very stability. ELN Policy Fellow Jana Baldus urges states to bridge this divide by recognising differing security perspectives and addressing concerns on all sides. Nuclear-armed states must clarify the rationale behind deterrence and confront double standards, while non-nuclear states should engage with the wider security consequences of rejecting deterrence and consider Russia’s and China’s strategies as well as those of the West.

20 August 2025 | Jana Baldus
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlDeterrenceInternational LawNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk Reduction