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Report

Meeting report: Iran, Europe and the US – new approaches to nuclear diplomacy

In January 2025, the ELN with support from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), convened a roundtable to discuss ways forward for a resumption of Iran-US nuclear negotiations. European, American, Asian, and Middle East experts discussed the role of Gulf actors in developing a new deal, Iran’s shift in priorities under President Pezeshkian, and the implications of the changes in the regional architecture as a result of the war in Gaza.

21 March 2025 | Roxane Farmanfarmaian
IranIranMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationEuropeIranIsraelJCPOANuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsUnited StatesIranSenior Associate Fellow
Policy brief

Focused Multilateralism: How China and Germany can better engage on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation

Engaging China on multilateral arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation has become more urgent, but also more difficult. Even in times of increased competition between China, Russia, and the US, Europeans have agency and will need to up their level of ambition in pursuing their own interests in making multilateral instruments more resilient. ELN Policy & Research Director Oliver Meier and Michael Staack call for focused, substantive, and flexible dialogues between Europeans and Chinese.

18 March 2025 | Oliver Meier and Michael Staack
Multilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationArms ControlChinaCTBTEuropeNuclear Arms ControlNuclear WeaponsRisk ReductionELN
Commentary

Reversing the slide to nuclear war — explained

On the eve of the 2025 Munich Security Conference, the Euro-Atlantic Security Leadership Group (EASLG) issued a statement on steps to reverse the slide to nuclear war signed by sixty-four former officials, military leaders, and experts. Steve Andreasen and Chair of the ELN Lord Des Browne explain why the statement matters.

26 February 2025 | Steve Andreasen and Des Browne
Multilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk ReductionELN
Group statement

Statement by the Euro-Atlantic Security Leadership Group (EASLG): Three essential steps for reversing the slide to nuclear war

Former and serving senior officials, military leaders, and experts from across the Euro-Atlantic region put forward three urgent steps for nuclear-armed states to take to build on the essential principle that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.

14 February 2025
Multilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationCTBTNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk Reduction
Commentary

The unintended consequences of deterring cyber attacks through nuclear weapons and international law

Using nuclear deterrence to prevent cyber attacks presents not only ethical and strategic challenges but also significant legal concerns. International law imposes strict limits on the use of force, making a nuclear response to cyber attacks highly questionable. Attribution remains difficult, escalation risks are high, and proportionality concerns persist. YGLN member Verena Jackson writes that a more effective approach would focus on strengthening international norms, improving attribution mechanisms, and—above all—prioritising cyber resilience over expanding nuclear deterrence.

6 February 2025 | Verena Jackson
JRCTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationCyberDefenceDeterrenceEmerging technologiesGovernanceHybrid warfareMilitary DoctrineNuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk ReductionRussia-West RelationsSecurityWMDsYGLN
Commentary

The CTBT: A success story and keystone for reinforcing the NPT regime ahead of the next 2026 NPT Review Conference

Despite not yet entering into force, the CTBT has seen some remarkable successes in establishing a global norm against nuclear testing and a robust verification system. However, rising geopolitical tensions underscore the urgent need for full ratification. Eleonora Neri of the Younger Generation Leaders Network (YGLN) argues for states to redouble efforts to universalise the Treaty and reinforce global non-proliferation commitments.

30 January 2025 | Eleonora Neri
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlCTBTDeterrenceInternational LawMissilesNATONPTNuclear Arms ControlNuclear DisarmamentNuclear SecurityNuclear WeaponsRisk ReductionSecurityWMDsYGLN