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Policy brief

From crisis to strategy: The OSCE and arms control in a divided Europe

Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the OSCE has faced a deep crisis. Russia and Belarus have violated key norms of the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, undermining the OSCE’s role in crisis management. Alexander Graef argues that breaking the impasse requires decisive political leadership and multi-level diplomacy. He also argues that growing military activities in Europe highlight the need for military-to-military contacts for managing escalation risks, in which the OSCE can facilitate necessary dialogues and support future monitoring activities as it has in the past.

14 March 2025 | Alexander Graef
OSCERussia-WestOSCERussia-West relationsArms ControlConventional Arms ControlDefenceDiplomacyEastern EuropeEmerging technologiesEuropeForeign policyMilitary DoctrineNATONuclear Arms ControlNuclear WeaponsOpen Skies TreatyOSCERisk ReductionRussiaRussia-West RelationsSecurityUkraineOSCE Expert NetworkYGLN
Commentary

Network reflections: What should we expect from the new German security strategy?

This month, Chancellor Shultz wrote, “Germans are intent on becoming the guarantor of European security that our allies expect us to be, a bridge builder within the European Union and an advocate for multilateral solutions to global problems”. But to do so requires a “new strategic culture” in Germany’s security strategy – What shifts should we expect in the new Security Strategy and where do the main challenges lie?

15 February 2023 | Alexander Graef, Benjamin Brockt, Jorge Domecq, Roderich Kiesewetter and Henrik Larsen
Network ReflectionsEuropean DefenceCentral EuropeDefenceDiplomacyEastern EuropeEUEuropeGermanyELNYGLN
Policy brief

Lessons from the past: Arms control in uncooperative times

Dr Alexander Graef and Tim Thies look at what kind of arms control might be feasible in the context of evolving multipolar strategic rivalry by drawing on lessons from the past. They argue that the US and NATO allies should pursue limited yet necessary arms control measures that enhance their security.

7 December 2022 | Alexander Graef and Tim Thies
Global SecurityArms ControlNPTNPTProjectNuclear Arms ControlRussia-West Relations
Report

Open Skies in the Arctic: Challenges and Opportunities

Both Russia and NATO member states are increasing their military presence and activities in the Arctic, and threat perceptions on both sides are intensifying, write Katarina Kertysova and Dr. Alexander Graef. Cooperative aerial observation, which lies at the heart of the Open Skies Treaty, has a useful role to play in mitigating military security risks and addressing environmental challenges in the region.

20 May 2021 | Katarina Kertysova and Alexander Graef
Euro-Atlantic SecurityAir spaceArcticOpen Skies TreatyYGLN