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Podcast

The Women Leaders podcast: Iran at a crossroads

Iran is at a boiling point. In January, mass protests broke out across the country, and many thousands of people were wounded and killed. Meanwhile, the US has moved an aircraft carrier and a number of destroyers close to Iran in a military threat which remains unclear in its aims. To untangle these and many other threads, ELN Senior Associate Fellow Ilana Bet-El welcomes back Iran specialist Roxane Farmanfarmaian, her co-Senior Associate Fellow at the ELN, for a deep and fascinating examination of Iran at a crossroads.

6 February 2026 | Ilana Bet-El, Florence Ferrando and Roxane Farmanfarmaian
IranIranDemocracyIranMiddle EastNuclear Arms ControlNuclear WeaponsPodcastsSanctionsSecurityTerrorismUnited StatesSenior Associate FellowYGLN
Commentary

European perspectives on the Non-Proliferation Treaty: Italy

In May, States Parties to the NPT will meet for the 11th Review Conference under difficult circumstances. While European support for and leadership in the NPT is more urgent than ever, it could be complicated by diverging priorities among European states. In the first of our commentary series exploring different European perspectives, YGLN member Federica Dall’Arche reflects on Italy’s perspective on the Treaty and its approach to the 2026 Review Conference. She writes that rather than focusing on ambitious normative breakthroughs, priority should be given to preserving the Treaty’s role as a stabilising framework.

5 February 2026 | Federica Dall’Arche
NPTMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationNPT ProjectArms ControlDefenceDiplomacyEuropeItalyNuclear Arms ControlNuclear SecurityRisk ReductionYGLN
Commentary

Significant achievements — Yet Iran’s nuclear challenge remains unresolved

While Israel and the US achieved meaningful operational successes against Iran’s nuclear programme in June 2025, the problem is far from resolved. Despite substantial damage to Iran’s infrastructure, Tehran can still—at least theoretically—move toward a nuclear weapon. As US and Iranian negotiators are due to meet this Friday in Oman for direct talks, Danny Citrinowicz from INSS writes that while military action can buy time, it cannot substitute for a broader strategy. Any sustainable approach to the Iranian nuclear challenge will require a combination of deterrence, diplomacy, intelligence, and clear political objectives regarding the desired end.

4 February 2026 | Danny Citrinowicz
IranIranMultilateral Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-ProliferationIranIsraelJCPOAMiddle EastNuclear WeaponsUnited States
Person

Danny Citrinowicz

Danny (Dennis) Citrinowicz is a Senior Researcher in the Iran and the Shi'ite Axis Program at the Institute for National Security Studies. Citrinowicz served 25 years in a variety of command positions units in Israel Defense Intelligence (IDI) including as the head of the Iran branch in the...

Person

Rachel Hicks

Rachel Hicks is a Senior Advisor in the Bureau of International Organization Affairs at the U.S. Department of State, where she works at the intersection of international security, multilateral nuclear affairs, and the governance of multilateral institutions. Her portfolio has included G7 and...

YGLN